Chapter 7 – Diaper Changing

The diaper area is the one that requires the most care, both during bath time and at each diaper change throughout the day. Urine and feces are alkaline, and their prolonged contact with the baby’s skin can cause irritation. A dirty diaper is also very uncomfortable for the newborn, who may wake up or refuse to fall asleep if they don’t feel clean and dry. For the baby’s well-being and health, experts recommend changing the diaper as soon as it becomes soiled.

The area should then be washed and cleaned with warm running water, using a soft cloth or cotton ball, wiping from front to back to prevent fecal contact with the genitals. If parents do not have access to running water at the time of the change, they may use fragrance- and alcohol-free baby wipes specifically designed for newborns. The habit of washing the baby at every change is deeply rooted in Italian culture, while in other countries baby wipes are more frequently used. Overwashing should be avoided, but at least once a day, the diaper area should be cleaned with running water.

In the first weeks of life, female newborns may have small mucous discharges from the genitals due to estrogen hormones passed from the mother’s body through the placenta. This is a physiological phenomenon and should not be alarming. To clean these secretions, simply rinse with running water. For boys, invasive hygiene practices should also be avoided: the baby’s foreskin is normally adhered to the penis and should not be forcibly retracted, as this can cause painful injuries.

Once the diaper area is clean, it is ideal to leave the baby naked and dry, in contact with the air, for a few minutes. Before putting on a new diaper, if the baby’s skin is irritated or inflamed, it is advisable to apply a zinc oxide ointment, which forms a protective barrier between the skin, feces, and urine.

Diaper changes are a special opportunity for bonding between parents and baby. A moment of intimacy filled with caresses, smiles, and discovery—a true moment of wellness. For this reason, mom and dad should always make sure they have everything they need close at hand. One should never get distracted to fetch something that’s missing, both for safety reasons and to avoid upsetting the baby.