![\"\"](\"https:\/\/babywellnessfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/le-tappe-dello-sviluppo-motorio-del-neonato-300x169.png\")
<\/em><\/p>\nMotor patterns and neurophysiological development<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nIn the early years, movement takes shape through basic motor and postural patterns<\/strong>, organized in evolutionary sequences that involve specific areas of the central nervous system. These patterns, initially automatic and reflexive, progressively evolve through experience and play, becoming increasingly complex and coordinated. Key motor patterns include: crawling, rolling,<\/strong> creeping, walking, running, grasping, throwing, climbing, rocking, and jumping<\/strong>. These movements support physical development and contribute to the structuring of body awareness, balance, and spatial-temporal coordination.<\/p>\nFrom \u201cExperienced Body\u201d to \u201cLived Body\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nAccording to the studies of J. De Ajuriaguerra and H. Wallon, body schema development in children unfolds in two phases:<\/p>\n
\n- Experienced Body (0\u20133 months)<\/strong>: The infant experiences a perceptual fusion with the mother and moves mainly through primitive reflexes and automatic responses (e.g., crying, sucking, breathing). Recognition and acknowledgment of the infant as an individual are crucial in this stage, as it forms the basis of self-esteem and relational trust.<\/li>\n
- Lived Body (3 months \u2013 3 years)<\/strong>: Through motor and sensory exploration, the child becomes aware of their body and starts differentiating between self and others. Spontaneous motor activity (rolling, grasping, sitting, moving) supports the development of bodily identity and the consolidation of the sense of self.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Developmental Stages of Motor Skills (0\u20133 years)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\nAge<\/strong><\/th>\nMain Motor Achievements<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n\n0\u20131 month<\/strong><\/td>\nInnate reflexes: sucking, grasping, eye movements, basic postural reactions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n2\u20133 months<\/strong><\/td>\nProgressive head control, initial intentional movements toward objects.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n3\u20134 months<\/strong><\/td>\nVoluntary grasping, bringing objects to the mouth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n4\u20136 months<\/strong><\/td>\nBeginning of trunk control, assisted sitting, increased hand mobility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n6\u20138 months<\/strong><\/td>\nIndependent sitting, thumb-finger grasp, more precise manipulation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n8\u201310 months<\/strong><\/td>\nCrawling, pincer grasp, initial attempts at standing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n10\u201312 months<\/strong><\/td>\nStanding without support, first steps with assistance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n12\u201318 months<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Independent walking, exploring environment with more confidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n18\u201324 months<\/strong><\/td>\nRunning, climbing on all fours, improved general coordination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n24\u201336 months<\/strong><\/td>\nJumping from small steps, climbing chairs, complex motor activities (running, rolling, crawling, sliding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/h5>\nPsychomotor development from 0 to 8 months<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nDuring the first eight months, infants go through essential stages for developing body awareness<\/strong> and beginning motor autonomy:<\/p>\n\n- Anti-gravity head control<\/strong>: neck strength gradually improves, allowing the baby to lift their head.<\/li>\n
- Independent sitting<\/strong>: around 6 months, the ability to sit without support enhances balance and coordination.<\/li>\n
- Crawling<\/strong>: from 6 to 9 months, some infants begin crawling, improving muscle tone and body symmetry.<\/li>\n
- Manipulation and grasping<\/strong>: babies explore objects through touch and mouthing, integrating perception and movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
At this stage, physical contact with adults is essential for a sense of security, as infants have not yet mastered posture control. It\u2019s important to provide stable support while maintaining proper body alignment<\/strong> during activities like holding and bathing.<\/p>\nThe 3\u20136 month phase: opening to the environment<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nBetween the third and sixth month, infants show significant progress in motor and relational domains:<\/p>\n
\n- Increased interest in the external environment and people;<\/li>\n
- Initial psychological separation from the primary caregiver with greater exploration autonomy;<\/li>\n
- Improved visual and auditory skills, with more selective attention to stimuli;<\/li>\n
- Development of upper trunk anti-gravity postural control<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
- First independent spatial movements<\/strong> (rolling, pivoting);<\/li>\n
- Emergence of hand-eye coordination<\/strong>, enabling babies to grasp what they see;<\/li>\n
- Beginning of oral exploration<\/strong> of objects, crucial for building sensory body maps;<\/li>\n
- Growing interest in objects and toys<\/strong>, which become tools for learning and interaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Motor development in early childhood does not follow a rigid or identical trajectory for all children but varies physiologically<\/strong> based on genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Therefore, it is preferable to speak of \u201cdevelopmental phases<\/strong>\u201d rather than fixed milestones. Every newly acquired skill\u2014whether sensory, motor, cognitive, or relational\u2014contributes to a child\u2019s overall balance. Daily experiences, the quality of the environment, emotional bonding with parents, and enriching opportunities (games, manipulation, exploration) play a vital role in supporting harmonious and integrated development<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The motor development of infants is an extraordinary process that begins at birth and intensifies throughout early childhood. This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. Motor patterns and neurophysiological development In the early years, movement takes shape through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"focus-approfondimento":[887],"focus-appartenenza":[895,891],"coauthors":[110],"class_list":["post-23300","news-approfondimenti","type-news-approfondimenti","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","focus-approfondimento-motor-and-respiratory-development","focus-appartenenza-la-buona-nanna-en","focus-appartenenza-lo-sviluppo-armonico-del-bambino-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. 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From \u201cExperienced Body\u201d to \u201cLived Body\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nAccording to the studies of J. De Ajuriaguerra and H. Wallon, body schema development in children unfolds in two phases:<\/p>\n
\n- Experienced Body (0\u20133 months)<\/strong>: The infant experiences a perceptual fusion with the mother and moves mainly through primitive reflexes and automatic responses (e.g., crying, sucking, breathing). Recognition and acknowledgment of the infant as an individual are crucial in this stage, as it forms the basis of self-esteem and relational trust.<\/li>\n
- Lived Body (3 months \u2013 3 years)<\/strong>: Through motor and sensory exploration, the child becomes aware of their body and starts differentiating between self and others. Spontaneous motor activity (rolling, grasping, sitting, moving) supports the development of bodily identity and the consolidation of the sense of self.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Developmental Stages of Motor Skills (0\u20133 years)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\nAge<\/strong><\/th>\nMain Motor Achievements<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n\n0\u20131 month<\/strong><\/td>\nInnate reflexes: sucking, grasping, eye movements, basic postural reactions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n2\u20133 months<\/strong><\/td>\nProgressive head control, initial intentional movements toward objects.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n3\u20134 months<\/strong><\/td>\nVoluntary grasping, bringing objects to the mouth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n4\u20136 months<\/strong><\/td>\nBeginning of trunk control, assisted sitting, increased hand mobility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n6\u20138 months<\/strong><\/td>\nIndependent sitting, thumb-finger grasp, more precise manipulation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n8\u201310 months<\/strong><\/td>\nCrawling, pincer grasp, initial attempts at standing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n10\u201312 months<\/strong><\/td>\nStanding without support, first steps with assistance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n12\u201318 months<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Independent walking, exploring environment with more confidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n18\u201324 months<\/strong><\/td>\nRunning, climbing on all fours, improved general coordination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n24\u201336 months<\/strong><\/td>\nJumping from small steps, climbing chairs, complex motor activities (running, rolling, crawling, sliding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/h5>\nPsychomotor development from 0 to 8 months<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nDuring the first eight months, infants go through essential stages for developing body awareness<\/strong> and beginning motor autonomy:<\/p>\n\n- Anti-gravity head control<\/strong>: neck strength gradually improves, allowing the baby to lift their head.<\/li>\n
- Independent sitting<\/strong>: around 6 months, the ability to sit without support enhances balance and coordination.<\/li>\n
- Crawling<\/strong>: from 6 to 9 months, some infants begin crawling, improving muscle tone and body symmetry.<\/li>\n
- Manipulation and grasping<\/strong>: babies explore objects through touch and mouthing, integrating perception and movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
At this stage, physical contact with adults is essential for a sense of security, as infants have not yet mastered posture control. It\u2019s important to provide stable support while maintaining proper body alignment<\/strong> during activities like holding and bathing.<\/p>\nThe 3\u20136 month phase: opening to the environment<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nBetween the third and sixth month, infants show significant progress in motor and relational domains:<\/p>\n
\n- Increased interest in the external environment and people;<\/li>\n
- Initial psychological separation from the primary caregiver with greater exploration autonomy;<\/li>\n
- Improved visual and auditory skills, with more selective attention to stimuli;<\/li>\n
- Development of upper trunk anti-gravity postural control<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
- First independent spatial movements<\/strong> (rolling, pivoting);<\/li>\n
- Emergence of hand-eye coordination<\/strong>, enabling babies to grasp what they see;<\/li>\n
- Beginning of oral exploration<\/strong> of objects, crucial for building sensory body maps;<\/li>\n
- Growing interest in objects and toys<\/strong>, which become tools for learning and interaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Motor development in early childhood does not follow a rigid or identical trajectory for all children but varies physiologically<\/strong> based on genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Therefore, it is preferable to speak of \u201cdevelopmental phases<\/strong>\u201d rather than fixed milestones. Every newly acquired skill\u2014whether sensory, motor, cognitive, or relational\u2014contributes to a child\u2019s overall balance. Daily experiences, the quality of the environment, emotional bonding with parents, and enriching opportunities (games, manipulation, exploration) play a vital role in supporting harmonious and integrated development<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The motor development of infants is an extraordinary process that begins at birth and intensifies throughout early childhood. This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. Motor patterns and neurophysiological development In the early years, movement takes shape through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"focus-approfondimento":[887],"focus-appartenenza":[895,891],"coauthors":[110],"class_list":["post-23300","news-approfondimenti","type-news-approfondimenti","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","focus-approfondimento-motor-and-respiratory-development","focus-appartenenza-la-buona-nanna-en","focus-appartenenza-lo-sviluppo-armonico-del-bambino-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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Developmental Stages of Motor Skills (0\u20133 years)<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\nAge<\/strong><\/th>\nMain Motor Achievements<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n\n0\u20131 month<\/strong><\/td>\nInnate reflexes: sucking, grasping, eye movements, basic postural reactions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n2\u20133 months<\/strong><\/td>\nProgressive head control, initial intentional movements toward objects.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n3\u20134 months<\/strong><\/td>\nVoluntary grasping, bringing objects to the mouth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n4\u20136 months<\/strong><\/td>\nBeginning of trunk control, assisted sitting, increased hand mobility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n6\u20138 months<\/strong><\/td>\nIndependent sitting, thumb-finger grasp, more precise manipulation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n8\u201310 months<\/strong><\/td>\nCrawling, pincer grasp, initial attempts at standing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n10\u201312 months<\/strong><\/td>\nStanding without support, first steps with assistance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n12\u201318 months<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Independent walking, exploring environment with more confidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n18\u201324 months<\/strong><\/td>\nRunning, climbing on all fours, improved general coordination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n24\u201336 months<\/strong><\/td>\nJumping from small steps, climbing chairs, complex motor activities (running, rolling, crawling, sliding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/h5>\nPsychomotor development from 0 to 8 months<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nDuring the first eight months, infants go through essential stages for developing body awareness<\/strong> and beginning motor autonomy:<\/p>\n\n- Anti-gravity head control<\/strong>: neck strength gradually improves, allowing the baby to lift their head.<\/li>\n
- Independent sitting<\/strong>: around 6 months, the ability to sit without support enhances balance and coordination.<\/li>\n
- Crawling<\/strong>: from 6 to 9 months, some infants begin crawling, improving muscle tone and body symmetry.<\/li>\n
- Manipulation and grasping<\/strong>: babies explore objects through touch and mouthing, integrating perception and movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
At this stage, physical contact with adults is essential for a sense of security, as infants have not yet mastered posture control. It\u2019s important to provide stable support while maintaining proper body alignment<\/strong> during activities like holding and bathing.<\/p>\nThe 3\u20136 month phase: opening to the environment<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nBetween the third and sixth month, infants show significant progress in motor and relational domains:<\/p>\n
\n- Increased interest in the external environment and people;<\/li>\n
- Initial psychological separation from the primary caregiver with greater exploration autonomy;<\/li>\n
- Improved visual and auditory skills, with more selective attention to stimuli;<\/li>\n
- Development of upper trunk anti-gravity postural control<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
- First independent spatial movements<\/strong> (rolling, pivoting);<\/li>\n
- Emergence of hand-eye coordination<\/strong>, enabling babies to grasp what they see;<\/li>\n
- Beginning of oral exploration<\/strong> of objects, crucial for building sensory body maps;<\/li>\n
- Growing interest in objects and toys<\/strong>, which become tools for learning and interaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Motor development in early childhood does not follow a rigid or identical trajectory for all children but varies physiologically<\/strong> based on genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Therefore, it is preferable to speak of \u201cdevelopmental phases<\/strong>\u201d rather than fixed milestones. Every newly acquired skill\u2014whether sensory, motor, cognitive, or relational\u2014contributes to a child\u2019s overall balance. Daily experiences, the quality of the environment, emotional bonding with parents, and enriching opportunities (games, manipulation, exploration) play a vital role in supporting harmonious and integrated development<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The motor development of infants is an extraordinary process that begins at birth and intensifies throughout early childhood. This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. Motor patterns and neurophysiological development In the early years, movement takes shape through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"focus-approfondimento":[887],"focus-appartenenza":[895,891],"coauthors":[110],"class_list":["post-23300","news-approfondimenti","type-news-approfondimenti","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","focus-approfondimento-motor-and-respiratory-development","focus-appartenenza-la-buona-nanna-en","focus-appartenenza-lo-sviluppo-armonico-del-bambino-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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<\/h5>\nPsychomotor development from 0 to 8 months<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nDuring the first eight months, infants go through essential stages for developing body awareness<\/strong> and beginning motor autonomy:<\/p>\n\n- Anti-gravity head control<\/strong>: neck strength gradually improves, allowing the baby to lift their head.<\/li>\n
- Independent sitting<\/strong>: around 6 months, the ability to sit without support enhances balance and coordination.<\/li>\n
- Crawling<\/strong>: from 6 to 9 months, some infants begin crawling, improving muscle tone and body symmetry.<\/li>\n
- Manipulation and grasping<\/strong>: babies explore objects through touch and mouthing, integrating perception and movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
At this stage, physical contact with adults is essential for a sense of security, as infants have not yet mastered posture control. It\u2019s important to provide stable support while maintaining proper body alignment<\/strong> during activities like holding and bathing.<\/p>\nThe 3\u20136 month phase: opening to the environment<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\nBetween the third and sixth month, infants show significant progress in motor and relational domains:<\/p>\n
\n- Increased interest in the external environment and people;<\/li>\n
- Initial psychological separation from the primary caregiver with greater exploration autonomy;<\/li>\n
- Improved visual and auditory skills, with more selective attention to stimuli;<\/li>\n
- Development of upper trunk anti-gravity postural control<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
- First independent spatial movements<\/strong> (rolling, pivoting);<\/li>\n
- Emergence of hand-eye coordination<\/strong>, enabling babies to grasp what they see;<\/li>\n
- Beginning of oral exploration<\/strong> of objects, crucial for building sensory body maps;<\/li>\n
- Growing interest in objects and toys<\/strong>, which become tools for learning and interaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Motor development in early childhood does not follow a rigid or identical trajectory for all children but varies physiologically<\/strong> based on genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Therefore, it is preferable to speak of \u201cdevelopmental phases<\/strong>\u201d rather than fixed milestones. Every newly acquired skill\u2014whether sensory, motor, cognitive, or relational\u2014contributes to a child\u2019s overall balance. Daily experiences, the quality of the environment, emotional bonding with parents, and enriching opportunities (games, manipulation, exploration) play a vital role in supporting harmonious and integrated development<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The motor development of infants is an extraordinary process that begins at birth and intensifies throughout early childhood. This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. Motor patterns and neurophysiological development In the early years, movement takes shape through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"focus-approfondimento":[887],"focus-appartenenza":[895,891],"coauthors":[110],"class_list":["post-23300","news-approfondimenti","type-news-approfondimenti","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","focus-approfondimento-motor-and-respiratory-development","focus-appartenenza-la-buona-nanna-en","focus-appartenenza-lo-sviluppo-armonico-del-bambino-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. 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During the first eight months, infants go through essential stages for developing body awareness<\/strong> and beginning motor autonomy:<\/p>\n At this stage, physical contact with adults is essential for a sense of security, as infants have not yet mastered posture control. It\u2019s important to provide stable support while maintaining proper body alignment<\/strong> during activities like holding and bathing.<\/p>\n Between the third and sixth month, infants show significant progress in motor and relational domains:<\/p>\n Motor development in early childhood does not follow a rigid or identical trajectory for all children but varies physiologically<\/strong> based on genetic, environmental, and experiential factors. Therefore, it is preferable to speak of \u201cdevelopmental phases<\/strong>\u201d rather than fixed milestones. Every newly acquired skill\u2014whether sensory, motor, cognitive, or relational\u2014contributes to a child\u2019s overall balance. Daily experiences, the quality of the environment, emotional bonding with parents, and enriching opportunities (games, manipulation, exploration) play a vital role in supporting harmonious and integrated development<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The motor development of infants is an extraordinary process that begins at birth and intensifies throughout early childhood. This initial period is crucial as it lays the foundation for overall development, significantly influencing the child\u2019s physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, and relational growth. Motor patterns and neurophysiological development In the early years, movement takes shape through […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":23302,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"focus-approfondimento":[887],"focus-appartenenza":[895,891],"coauthors":[110],"class_list":["post-23300","news-approfondimenti","type-news-approfondimenti","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","focus-approfondimento-motor-and-respiratory-development","focus-appartenenza-la-buona-nanna-en","focus-appartenenza-lo-sviluppo-armonico-del-bambino-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
The 3\u20136 month phase: opening to the environment<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n
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