Approfondimenti scientifici
Nasal hygiene in the first year of life
Nasal health plays a fundamental role in protecting the respiratory system, particularly in the first months of life. In newborns, the nose is the only respiratory route during many daily activities, such as feeding and sleeping, due to the immaturity of the oral-nasal mechanism. For this reason, maintaining nasal airway patency is a primary measure for preventing infections, irritations, and respiratory complications.
The nose as a defense system
The nasal mucosa acts as the first barrier against pathogens and environmental particles (dust, allergens, pollutants). In children under one year of age, the anatomical structure of the upper airways makes the nose particularly vulnerable: any obstruction can compromise proper oxygen intake and facilitate the spread of infectious agents to nearby structures, such as the ears, throat, tonsils, and bronchi.
Good nasal hygiene thus supports the physiological functions of filtration, warming, and humidifying the air, contributing to the prevention of common conditions such as colds, ear infections, and sinusitis.
The accumulation of mucus in the nasal cavities can cause congestion, breathing difficulties, facial pressure, frequent sneezing, and predisposition to infections. In young children, the inability to blow their nose leads to frequent mucus retention, requiring manual or mechanical management through appropriate cleansing techniques.
Nasal irrigation: indications and benefits
Nasal irrigation involves introducing a saline solution into the nasal cavities to remove excess mucus and hydrate the mucosa. This practice is particularly recommended for newborns and infants, especially in the presence of colds, dry air, or during feeding.
Main benefits:
- Promotes free nasal breathing.
- Reduces microbial and allergenic load.
- Supports mucociliary function.
- Prevents infection progression to adjacent structures (e.g., middle ear).
- Facilitates milk intake during feeding.
How to perform nasal irrigation
The irrigation can be done with the baby lying on their side. The solution is introduced into the upper nostril, allowing it to drain through the opposite nostril or the mouth. After the liquid passes through, it is advisable to lift the baby to help eliminate residual mucus. The procedure can be repeated several times a day, especially in cases of congestion.
Hygienic precautions:
- Use disposable or washable devices.
- Thoroughly clean the applicator after each use.
- Use solutions at body temperature or slightly warmer.
- Avoid excessive pressure during administration to prevent mucosal irritation.
Nasal shower and inhalations: complementary strategies
Nasal showers represent an advanced nasal irrigation technique used to prevent and treat rhinitis, sinusitis, and mucus congestion. They utilize pressurized saline solutions that, through mechanical force, reach even the paranasal sinuses. Regular use can be complemented by thermal or aerosol inhalation treatments to improve cleansing, reduce secretion viscosity, and restore the balance of the respiratory mucosa.
The gradual introduction of nasal hygiene practices helps promote the child’s tolerance and facilitates their autonomy over time. A reassuring environment, combined with a predictable routine, encourages cooperation and well-being during cleaning procedures.
